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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma– Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid
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Author Spotlight: Non-Surgical Treatment of Melasma– Microneedling with Tranexamic Acid

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Recent progress in melasma pathogenesis.

Ai-Young Lee1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.

Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research
|August 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Melasma, a common skin pigmentation issue, is challenging to treat. Recent research reveals new insights into its causes, including factors beyond UV exposure and the role of dermal elements and microRNAs.

Keywords:
UVUV exposure-independent factorsdermal factorsestrogenmelasmamicroRNAspathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathogenesis of skin conditions
  • Hyperpigmentation disorders

Background:

  • Melasma is a prevalent skin pigmentation disorder known for therapeutic difficulties.
  • Understanding its etiology and pathogenesis is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Current treatments are often similar to other hyperpigmentation disorders, despite unique melasma mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathogenesis of melasma.
  • To incorporate updated findings on triggering factors and novel discoveries.
  • To highlight differences in pathogenic mechanisms and clinical phenotypes compared to other pigmentary diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on melasma pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of established and emerging triggering factors (UV, hormones, inflammation).
  • Investigation into recent discoveries, including UV-independent factors, dermal factors, and microRNAs.

Main Results:

  • UV irradiation, hormones, and inflammation are key triggers, often with genetic predisposition.
  • UV-induced melanogenesis is a well-studied model, but melasma involves unique pathogenic pathways.
  • Novel findings include UV-independent factors and the significant role of dermal factors and microRNAs in melasma development.

Conclusions:

  • Melasma pathogenesis is complex, involving multiple interacting factors.
  • Emerging research is uncovering new mechanisms, such as dermal contributions and microRNA involvement.
  • A deeper understanding of these updated findings is essential for developing targeted and effective melasma therapies.