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Time scale evolution of avipoxviruses.

Guillaume Le Loc'h1, Stéphane Bertagnoli2, Mariette F Ducatez3

  • 1RENECO Wildlife Consultants LLC, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Université de Toulouse, INP, ENVT, UMR1225, IHAP, F-31076 Toulouse, France; INRA, UMR1225, IHAP, F-31076 Toulouse, France.

Infection, Genetics and Evolution : Journal of Molecular Epidemiology and Evolutionary Genetics in Infectious Diseases
|August 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Avipoxviruses evolved at 2-8×10(-5) substitutions/site/year. Their common ancestor emerged 10,000-30,000 years ago, aiding future avian poxvirus epidemiology.

Keywords:
AvipoxvirusDNA virusEvolutionMolecular clock

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Avipoxviruses are classified into three distinct clades: canarypox-like, fowlpox-like, and psittacinepox-like viruses.
  • Understanding the evolutionary dynamics of avipoxviruses is crucial for epidemiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To estimate the evolutionary rate of avipoxviruses.
  • To determine the divergence time of avipoxviruses from their common ancestor.
  • To provide insights into the historical spread and circulation patterns of avian poxviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of molecular clock and demographic models within the BEAST package.
  • Phylogenetic analysis of three specific avipoxvirus genes: P4b, cnpv186, and DNA polymerase.
  • Extrapolation of divergence times based on estimated evolutionary rates.

Main Results:

  • Avipoxviruses exhibit an evolutionary rate of 2-8×10(-5) substitutions/site/year, consistent with previously reported poxvirus rates.
  • The estimated mean time of divergence from a common ancestor is approximately 10,000-30,000 years ago.
  • This divergence period coincides with the emergence of modern poxvirus species.

Conclusions:

  • The estimated evolutionary rate and divergence time provide a molecular clock for avipoxviruses.
  • These findings enhance our understanding of avian poxvirus evolution and diversification.
  • The results will support and facilitate future epidemiological investigations into avipoxvirus spread, origin, and circulation.