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Related Concept Videos

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One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.  
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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Unrealistic optimism bias is the tendency to overestimate the likelihood of positive outcomes. This cognitive bias makes individuals believe they are less likely to experience failures, setbacks, or risks and more likely to succeed than others. For example, people may assume they are less prone to health issues, accidents, or financial struggles than their peers, even when they share similar risk factors.One key component of this bias is the above-average effect, where individuals perceive...
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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement
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Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement

Published on: July 1, 2015

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Multidimensional Perfectionism and Burnout: A Meta-Analysis.

Andrew P Hill1, Thomas Curran2

  • 1York St John University, UK a.hill@yorksj.ac.uk.

Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc
|August 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Perfectionistic concerns strongly predict burnout, while perfectionistic strivings show a protective effect. Understanding these links is crucial for managing workplace stress and promoting well-being.

Keywords:
educationmotivationperformancesportwork

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Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Mindfulness in Motion MIM: An Onsite Mindfulness Based Intervention MBI for Chronically High Stress Work Environments to Increase Resiliency and Work Engagement
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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Occupational Health

Background:

  • Multidimensional perfectionism, comprising strivings and concerns, is linked to various psychological outcomes.
  • Burnout is a significant issue in professional settings, impacting employee well-being and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To meta-analytically examine the relationships between perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and burnout.
  • To investigate if these relationships differ across work, sport, and education domains.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search identified 43 studies with 9,838 participants and 663 effect sizes.
  • Random-effects meta-analysis was employed to synthesize the data.
  • Analyses were conducted before and after controlling for the interrelationship between perfectionism dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Perfectionistic strivings showed small negative or non-significant associations with burnout.
  • Perfectionistic concerns demonstrated medium-to-large positive relationships with burnout.
  • After controlling for perfectionistic strivings, pure perfectionistic strivings exhibited stronger negative links to burnout.
  • The work domain showed some evidence of perfectionistic strivings being less adaptive and concerns more maladaptive.

Conclusions:

  • Perfectionistic concerns are a significant risk factor for burnout.
  • Perfectionistic strivings may offer some protection against burnout, particularly when isolated from concerns.
  • Interventions targeting perfectionistic concerns are needed to mitigate burnout, especially in occupational settings.