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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

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The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...
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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Instrumentation of Near-term Fetal Sheep for Multivariate Chronic Non-anesthetized Recordings
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Fetal programming and systemic sclerosis.

Gianpaolo Donzelli1, Giulia Carnesecchi2, Carolina Amador1

  • 1Department of Fetal-Neonatal Medicine, Meyer Children's Hospital, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
|August 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Low birthweight and being small for gestational age are significant risk factors for developing systemic sclerosis later in life. This finding highlights the importance of perinatal health in long-term disease risk.

Keywords:
autoimmune diseasebirthweightepigeneticsfetal programmingscleroderma

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease with complex etiology.
  • Understanding early-life risk factors may provide insights into disease pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between birthweight and the risk of developing systemic sclerosis.
  • To determine if low birthweight or being small for gestational age are risk factors for systemic sclerosis.

Main Methods:

  • A multicenter case-control study was conducted.
  • Perinatal data from 332 systemic sclerosis cases and 243 controls were analyzed.
  • Birthweight was assessed as low birthweight (<2500 g) and small for gestational age (<10th percentile).

Main Results:

  • Univariate analysis showed significantly increased odds ratios for both low birthweight (OR, 2.59) and small for gestational age (OR, 2.60).
  • Multivariate analysis confirmed these increased risks, with odds ratios of 3.93 for low birthweight and 2.58 for small for gestational age.
  • Both low birthweight and small for gestational age were independently associated with an elevated risk of systemic sclerosis.

Conclusions:

  • Low birthweight is a significant risk factor for adult-onset systemic sclerosis.
  • Being small for gestational age at birth is also a risk factor for developing systemic sclerosis.
  • These findings underscore the potential role of early-life growth in the development of systemic sclerosis.