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Assessment of Waste-Derived Biochars on the Health and Biological Activity of Soil
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Biochar-macrofauna interplay: Searching for new bioindicators.

C Castracani1, A Maienza2, D A Grasso1

  • 1Department of Life Sciences, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 11/a, 43124 Parma, Italy.

The Science of the Total Environment
|August 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Biochar soil amendments offer climate benefits and boost crop yields. While generally having minimal short-term impact on soil fauna, ants showed changes in response to soil conditions altered by biochar.

Keywords:
AntsArthropodsBiocharCarbon sequestrationField experimentSoil fauna

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Soil Science
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Biochar application in soils is a climate change mitigation strategy that enhances crop productivity through various mechanisms.
  • Soil property alterations from biochar impact soil biota, influencing biochar aging.
  • Limited research exists on biochar's effects on soil meso- and macrofauna, particularly in the crucial topsoil layer (0-30 cm).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interactions between biochar soil amendments and aboveground soil macro-meso fauna in a field crop setting.
  • To assess the short-term ecological effects of different biochar types on soil fauna communities.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized-block experiment was conducted on a processing tomato crop in Northern Italy.
  • Three distinct biochar types were applied.
  • Soil parameters and fauna abundances were periodically monitored throughout the crop growing cycle (Summer 2013).

Main Results:

  • Biochar application had a minor overall impact on soil fauna compared to agricultural management practices.
  • No significant short-term ecological interferences were observed from biochar amendments.
  • Ant populations (Formicidae) showed variations in abundance and distribution linked to soil temperature, pH, and humidity.

Conclusions:

  • Biochar amendments appear to be ecologically safe in the short term regarding soil fauna.
  • Ants can serve as a valuable indicator group for studying biochar-soil biota interactions due to their sensitivity to altered soil conditions.
  • Further research can explore long-term effects and specific mechanisms driving faunal responses to biochar.