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Positron Emission Tomography01:29

Positron Emission Tomography

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Positron emission tomography (PET) is a medical imaging technique involving radiopharmaceuticals — substances that emit short-lived radiation. Although the first PET scanner was introduced in 1961, it took 15 more years before radiopharmaceuticals were combined with the technique and revolutionized its potential.
One of the main requirements of a PET scan is a positron-emitting radioisotope, which is produced in a cyclotron and then attached to a substance used by the part of the body...
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Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

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Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets
07:45

Quasi-light Storage for Optical Data Packets

Published on: February 6, 2014

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Optical delay encoding for fast timing and detector signal multiplexing in PET.

Alexander M Grant1, Craig S Levin2

  • 1Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.

Medical Physics
|August 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

A novel optical delay encoding technique simplifies positron emission tomography (PET) readout by multiplexing detector signals onto a single fiber. This method preserves timing and energy data, enabling high-performance time-of-flight PET scanners with reduced complexity.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Nuclear Instrumentation
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Modern positron emission tomography (PET) scanners face challenges with complex readout electronics due to a high number of detector channels.
  • Existing multiplexing schemes often degrade performance, necessitating new approaches for data acquisition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel multiplexing scheme for PET scanners that avoids data degradation.
  • To preserve fast timing information crucial for time-of-flight (TOF) PET applications.

Main Methods:

  • A new optical delay encoding technique was developed, using fast, overlapping optical pulses with precise delays to encode detector interaction events.
  • A two-channel silicon photomultiplier-based prototype was built to demonstrate the optical delay encoding and time-over-threshold (TOT) method.
  • Simultaneous encoding of timing, energy, and channel identification onto a single optical fiber was achieved.

Main Results:

  • The prototype achieved a coincidence time resolution of 160 ps full width at half maximum (FWHM).
  • Energy resolution was measured at 13.1% FWHM at 511 keV using LYSO crystals.
  • All interaction data was successfully encoded onto a single optical fiber with minimal degradation.

Conclusions:

  • Optical delay encoding and multiplexing offer a promising solution for simplifying PET readout systems.
  • This technology can lead to the development of more efficient time-of-flight PET scanners with fewer readout channels.