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Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Multiplexed Fluorescent Immunohistochemical Staining of Four Endometrial Immune Cell Types in Recurrent Miscarriage
Published on: August 4, 2021
Antioxidant status in women who have had a miscarriage
Wioleta J Omeljaniuk1, Katarzyna Socha2, Maria H Borawska2
1Department of Public Health, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
Purpose:
During normal pregnancy there is an oxido-reductive balance between action of pro-oxidative factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total antioxidant status (TAS) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, and the content of selenium (Se), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and manganese (Mn) in women who have had a miscarriage.
Patients And Methods:
The study group consisted of 83 women who had had miscarriages. The control group included 35 women in the first trimester of pregnancy, and 35 pregnant women after childbirth.
Results:
TAS activity and Cu concentration in serum in women who experienced a miscarriage were significantly lower, but Mn level - higher, than in women in the first trimester of pregnancy. The content of Se, Cu and Mn in placental tissue in patients who have had a miscarriage was significantly higher, while Zn content was lower than in pregnant women at full-term delivery.
Conclusions:
Our findings, provided in the research, enable us to claim that the total antioxidative status is significantly lower in women who have had a miscarriage. Low level of Zn but high of Mn in the examined biological material may be indicative to the incidence of miscarriage.
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