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Step-growth or condensation polymerization is a stepwise reaction of bi or multifunctional monomers to form long-chain polymers. As all the monomers are reactive, most of the monomers are consumed at the early stages of the reaction to form small chains of reactive oligomers, which then combine to form long polymer chains in the late stages. Hence, the reaction has to proceed for a long time to achieve high molecular weight polymers.
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Recently, the development of olefin metathesis polymerization advanced the field of polymer synthesis. Simply put, the reorganization of substituents on their double bonds between two olefins in the presence of a catalyst is known as the olefin metathesis reaction. The use of metathesis reaction for polymer synthesis is called olefin metathesis polymerization.
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Multiple shape memory polymers based on laminates formed from thiol-click chemistry based polymerizations.

M Podgórski1, C Wang, C N Bowman

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. christopher.bowman@colorado.edu.

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Researchers developed polymer laminates using thiol-X click chemistry for quadruple shape memory effects. These materials exhibit controlled properties and strong adhesion, enabling advanced shape-changing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Shape memory polymers (SMPs) offer transformative potential in various fields.
  • Developing multi-responsive SMPs with tunable properties remains a key challenge.
  • Advanced fabrication techniques are needed for complex SMP architectures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate polymer network trilayer laminates using thiol-X click chemistries.
  • To evaluate the quadruple shape memory behavior of these laminates.
  • To investigate the role of interfacial properties on material performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized thiol-Michael addition and thiol-isocyanate reactions for layer fabrication.
  • Achieved independent control over each layer's chemistry and properties.
  • Employed step-growth thiol-X reactions for network uniformity and narrow thermal transitions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully fabricated trilayer laminates with three distinct glass transition temperatures within a 100 °C range.
  • Demonstrated a step-wise modulus drop by varying layer thicknesses, enabling multi-step programming.
  • Quantified quadruple shape memory performance and confirmed strong interfacial binding with no delamination during cyclic testing.

Conclusions:

  • Thiol-X click chemistries provide precise control for fabricating advanced polymer laminates.
  • The developed trilayer system exhibits robust quadruple shape memory behavior.
  • Strong interlayer adhesion is crucial for the stability and performance of these multi-functional materials.