Cyclic Fatigue of ProFile Vortex and Vortex Blue Nickel-Titanium Files in Single and Double Curvatures

The aims of this study were to determine the flexibility of ProFile Vortex (VX) and Vortex Blue (VB) files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK) and then to evaluate and compare their fatigue resistance in artificial single curvature and 2 different artificial double curvature canals.

Flexibility of the files (size 25/.04) in bending was assessed according to ISO 3630-1. Both files were subjected to fatigue tests inside artificial canals with a single curvature (group 1: 60° curvature, 5-mm radius) and with 2 different double curvatures (group 2: first [coronal] curve of 60° curvature and 5-mm radius and the second one [apical] of 30° curvature and 2-mm radius and group 3: first curve of 60° curvature and 5-mm radius and the second one of 60° curvature and 2-mm radius). The number of cycles to fracture (NCF) was recorded, and the fracture surface of all fragments was examined with a scanning electron microscope.

The bending load was significantly lower for VB files than VX files (P < .05), and the 2 types of files followed different trajectories in identical canals. In group 1, the 2 files had significantly higher NCF than in groups 2 and 3 (P < .05). Both files had significantly higher NCF in group 2 than in group 3 (P < .05). In group 1, VB files had fatigue resistance superior to VX files (P < .05), whereas in groups 2 and 3 their fatigue resistance was not statistically different from each other. The crack initiation of a vast majority of files that fractured in double curvature canals (groups 2 and 3) was localized on either 1 of 2 of the 3 cutting edges.

Double curvature canals represent a much more stressful and challenging anatomy than single curvature canals, and, in them, fatigue resistance may be affected by the degrees and the radii of curvatures as well as by the bending properties of the files.