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Related Concept Videos

Autism Spectrum Disorder01:19

Autism Spectrum Disorder

1.8K
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.
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Neuroimaging endophenotypes in autism spectrum disorder.

Rajneesh Mahajan1, Stewart H Mostofsky1

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition. Neuroimaging reveals brain enlargement and altered connectivity in children with ASD, offering insights into causes and potential treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Pediatrics

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with a significant genetic component.
  • Neuroimaging, neuropathology, and clinical research are crucial for understanding developmental trajectories in ASD.
  • Existing research highlights variability in ASD's etiopathogenesis and clinical manifestations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize neuroimaging findings in ASD.
  • To explore the potential of neuroimaging as biomarkers for ASD.
  • To identify how neuroimaging can inform treatment and therapeutic development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of structural neuroimaging studies in ASD.
  • Analysis of functional neuroimaging studies in ASD.
  • Integration of findings with neuropathological and clinical data.

Main Results:

  • Structural neuroimaging indicates general and regional brain enlargement in ASD, particularly in frontotemporal regions.
  • Functional neuroimaging reveals diminished connectivity, especially between frontal-posterior areas in ASD.
  • These neuroimaging findings suggest potential neuroendophenotypes for ASD.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging provides valuable insights into the neurobiology of ASD.
  • Identified neuroimaging patterns may serve as neuroendophenotypes.
  • These findings may aid in predicting treatment response and developing novel therapies for ASD.