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Evidence Supports No Relationship between Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Premolar Extraction: An Electronic Health
Ann J Larsen1, D Brad Rindal2, John P Hatch1
1The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio School of Dentistry, San Antonio, TX.
Summary
Extraction orthodontics, involving the removal of premolars, does not significantly increase the risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This study found no evidence linking missing premolars to a higher prevalence of OSA.
Area of Science:
- Dental Medicine
- Sleep Medicine
- Orthodontics
Background:
- A debate exists regarding the link between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and anterior teeth positioning.
- Concerns suggest orthodontic tooth movement, specifically premolar extraction and anterior retraction, may contribute to OSA by narrowing the airway.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between missing premolars, as a proxy for extraction orthodontics, and the incidence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Main Methods:
- A retrospective study analyzed electronic health records of 5,584 participants.
- Subjects were categorized into two groups: those with four missing premolars and those with none.
- Participants were matched 1:1 by age, gender, and BMI; OSA diagnosis was confirmed by polysomnography.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of OSA was 9.56% in subjects without missing premolars and 10.71% in those with four missing premolars.
- Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in OSA prevalence between the groups (OR = 1.14, p = 0.144).
Conclusions:
- The absence of four premolars, indicative of prior orthodontic treatment, is not a significant contributing factor to the development of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
- Findings do not support the hypothesis that extraction orthodontics leads to OSA.
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