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Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also...
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Microinjectrode System for Combined Drug Infusion and Electrophysiology
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Neural probes with multi-drug delivery capability.

Hyogeun Shin1, Hyunjoo J Lee, Uikyu Chae

  • 1Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Korea. ijcho@kist.re.kr.

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Summary

This study introduces a novel neural probe with integrated microfluidics for precise multi-drug delivery in brain research. This chemtrode enables simultaneous neural recording and drug modulation, minimizing animal use in experiments.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Bioengineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • Multi-functional neural probes are crucial for advanced brain studies, enabling both signal recording and targeted stimulation.
  • Existing methods often lack the precision for simultaneous, multi-agent delivery and real-time neural activity monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel neural probe with an embedded microfluidic channel (chemtrode) for multi-drug delivery and simultaneous neural recording.
  • To demonstrate the chemtrode's capability for precise, low-volume, and combinatorial drug administration in small animal models.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of a 3-inlet microfluidic chip with a staggered herringbone mixer (SHM) into a neural probe.
  • Demonstration of chaotic mixing for efficient drug delivery at low flow rates (170 nl/min).
  • In vivo experiments in mice involving simultaneous delivery of pilocarpine/tetrodotoxin (TTX), saline, and DAPI, alongside neural recordings.

Main Results:

  • Successful infusion of three chemicals with a short residence time (14 s) and small swept volume (66 nl).
  • Demonstrated modulation of neural activity in mice, with pilocarpine increasing and TTX decreasing neural signals.
  • Enabled localized cell staining (DAPI) and simultaneous neural recording, allowing for repeated experiments on a single animal.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed chemtrode offers a compact, versatile platform for multiplexed drug delivery and simultaneous neural monitoring.
  • This technology facilitates more efficient in vivo experiments, reducing the number of animals required.
  • The chemtrode is a promising tool for advancing brain research through precise, multi-modal neural interface capabilities.