Qualitative Study Exploring the Meaning of Knee Symptoms to Adults Ages 35-65 Years
Crystal MacKay1, Joanna Sale2, Elizabeth M Badley1
1Toronto Western Research Institute and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Objective:
While osteoarthritis (OA) has mainly been viewed as a disease affecting older people, its prevalence in younger adults is substantial. However, there is limited research on how younger adults understand knee symptoms. This article explores the meaning of knee symptoms to adults ages 35-65 years.
Methods:
This qualitative study comprised 6 focus groups and 10 one-on-one interviews with 51 participants (median age 49, 61% female), who self-reported knee OA or reported knee symptoms (i.e., pain, aching, or stiffness) on most days of the past month. Constructivist grounded theory guided the sampling, data collection, and analysis. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative method.
Results:
Central to participants' understanding of knee symptoms was the perception that symptoms were preventable, meaning that there was the potential to prevent the onset of symptoms and to alter the course of symptoms. This understanding was demonstrated in participants' explanation of symptoms. Participants commented on the cause, prevention, and course of symptoms. Moreover, participants reflected on their experience with symptoms, indicating that symptoms made them feel older than their current age. However, they did not perceive their symptoms as normal or acceptable.
Conclusion:
Participants interpreted knee symptoms as potentially preventable, suggesting that they may be open to primary and secondary prevention strategies.
