[Autoinflammatory syndromes in childhood]

Systemic autoinflammatory diseases are a group of hereditary and non-hereditary diseases of the innate immune system, characterized by inflammation with no apparent cause, recurrence at irregular intervals and manifestation on the skin, mucous membranes, joints, bone, gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels and the central nervous system (CNS). Amyloidosis and other possibly severe long-term complications are important. Advances in genetics and molecular biology have improved understanding of the pathogenesis of these diseases, including familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency syndrome, tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome and improved others. The vast majority of these diseases are based on activation of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway, so that inhibition of IL-1 provides a therapeutic option. Other syndromes are characterized by a granulomatous inflammation. Newer autoinflammatory diseases, such as chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (SAVI) are, however, driven by interferons.