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Cerium anomaly at microscale in fossils.

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This study introduces microscale mapping of cerium speciation in fossils, revealing insights into past redox conditions. The findings demonstrate stable cerium oxidation states at the microscale, crucial for interpreting rare earth element patterns in paleontology.

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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Paleontology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Rare earth element (REE) patterns, particularly the cerium anomaly, are vital for reconstructing past redox conditions in sediments.
  • Interpreting cerium anomalies relies on the assumption of homogeneous cerium oxidation states within samples, an assumption rarely tested at the microscale.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microscale distribution and speciation of cerium within fossilized tissues.
  • To assess the validity of assuming homogeneous cerium oxidation states in paleontological samples.
  • To establish a novel method for mapping local rare earth element patterns in fossils.

Main Methods:

  • Micrometric mapping of cerium speciation using synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
  • X-ray fluorescence mapping for local rare earth element patterns in fossil tissues.
  • Combined use of synchrotron microbeam X-ray fluorescence, absorption spectroscopy, diffraction, light, and electron microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Direct evidence of Ce(IV) within fossil tissues, indicating slightly oxidative burial conditions.
  • Remarkably stable [Ce(IV)]/[Ce(tot)] ratios observed at the microscale within individual fossils.
  • Similar microscale cerium speciation patterns were found among fossils from the same locality.
  • Successful generation of speciation maps and local REE patterns in Late Cretaceous fish and crustacean fossils.

Conclusions:

  • The microscale homogeneity of cerium speciation challenges previous assumptions in REE proxy interpretation.
  • The presence and stability of Ce(IV) provide a more nuanced understanding of micro-environmental redox conditions during fossilization.
  • Highlights the necessity for microscale geochemical studies in paleontology to refine the interpretation of REE patterns.