Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Protein Complex Assembly02:41

Protein Complex Assembly

17.1K
Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...
17.1K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

3.1K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
3.1K
Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

3.1K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
3.1K
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

5.9K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
5.9K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.9K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
1.9K
Assembly of Signaling Complexes01:30

Assembly of Signaling Complexes

7.2K
Multiprotein signaling complexes are formed in a dynamic process involving protein-protein interactions at the cytoplasmic domain of transmembrane receptors or enzymatic and non-enzymatic proteins associated with the receptor. These complexes ensure the activation and propagation of intracellular signals that regulate cell functions.
Interaction domains in cell signaling
Interaction domains recognize exposed features of their binding partners containing post-translationally modified sequences,...
7.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A novel FHOD3 splice-site variant in a Chinese family with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a case report.

Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine·2026
Same author

Ya Han Jie ameliorates adjuvant-induced arthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB/NETosis/inflammation axis.

Chinese medicine·2026
Same author

Determinants of care modality and chronic disease needs among older adults with chronic disease and disability in rural China: a cross-sectional study in Qinghe County, Hebei Province.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Plasma proteome-wide Mendelian randomization reveals multi-ancestry drug targets for gastric cancer.

Frontiers in oncology·2026
Same author

Pan-cancer Distant Metastasis Prediction Based on Graph Neural Network.

Interdisciplinary sciences, computational life sciences·2026
Same author

A transcriptomic-based model associated with PARP inhibitor sensitivity and immunogenic signatures in ovarian cancer.

Discover oncology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.9K

HLA-B polymorphisms and intracellular assembly modes.

Malini Raghavan1, Jie Geng1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.

Molecular Immunology
|August 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I variants exhibit diverse folding and assembly, impacting immune cell recognition. Some HLA-B types bypass tapasin, accelerating HIV progression and disease severity.

Keywords:
AIDSCalreticulinERp57Endoplasmic reticulumHIVHLA-BMHC class IPeptide loading complexTAP transporterTapasin

More Related Videos

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

10.4K
Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:32

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

16.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.9K
Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

10.4K
Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis
09:32

Immunopeptidomics: Isolation of Mouse and Human MHC Class I- and II-Associated Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2021

16.0K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules present peptides to T cells and interact with natural killer (NK) cells.
  • HLA class I gene polymorphism influences peptide binding and intracellular protein folding.
  • Variations in HLA-B allotypes affect stability and tapasin dependence during assembly.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of HLA class I polymorphism on protein folding, assembly, and immune cell interactions.
  • To explore the functional consequences of tapasin-independent HLA-B allotypes in HIV infection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of HLA class I folding intermediates and their stability.
  • Assessment of tapasin requirements for HLA-B allotype assembly.
  • Correlation of HLA-B allotype characteristics with HIV disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in peptide-deficient HLA-B variant stability were observed.
  • Tapasin-independent HLA-B allotypes were identified.
  • Presence of tapasin-independent HLA-B allotypes correlated with faster progression to death in HIV-infected individuals.

Conclusions:

  • Intrinsic structural properties of HLA class I folding intermediates influence immune responses.
  • Tapasin-independent HLA-B allotypes represent a risk factor in HIV infection.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking HLA class I structure to immune cell function and disease outcomes.