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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

45.7K
The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

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The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
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Neuroplasticity01:01

Neuroplasticity

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Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 6, 2026

Characterization of the Sense of Agency over the Actions of Neural-machine Interface-operated Prostheses
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Biological and bionic hands: natural neural coding and artificial perception.

Sliman J Bensmaia1

  • 1Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA sliman@uchicago.edu.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
|August 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Restoring touch and proprioception is crucial for advanced neuroprosthetics. Biomimetic sensory feedback can be achieved by stimulating the somatosensory cortex, offering insights into neural coding.

Keywords:
biomimicryneuroprostheticsproprioceptionsomatosensory cortextouch

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Recent advancements in neuroprosthetics include sophisticated robotic limbs and brain-computer interfaces for movement decoding.
  • Skilled object manipulation necessitates somatosensory feedback, as vision alone is insufficient.
  • Restoring tactile and proprioceptive sensation is essential for clinical viability of upper-limb neuroprostheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review efforts in eliciting tactile sensations via somatosensory cortex stimulation.
  • To explore biomimetic approaches for sensory restoration in neuroprosthetics.
  • To highlight the bidirectional relationship between sensory neuroscience and neuroprosthetic development.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on biomimetic strategies for sensory restoration.
  • Leveraging current understanding of neural encoding of grasp information.
  • Discussing the use of brain stimulation to test hypotheses about neural coding.

Main Results:

  • Biomimetic approaches can inform the development of sensory neuroprostheses.
  • Stimulating the somatosensory cortex can elicit meaningful tactile sensations.
  • Neuroprosthetics offer a unique platform for interrogating neural circuits.

Conclusions:

  • Sensory restoration through somatosensory cortex stimulation is key for effective neuroprosthetics.
  • The development of sensory neuroprostheses and neuroscience research are mutually beneficial.
  • Understanding neural coding through brain stimulation can advance both fields.