An innovative and shared methodology for event reconstruction using images in forensic science

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Image Analysis
• Event Reconstruction

Background:

• Current forensic image analysis lacks standardized methodologies derived from practical case experience.
• Existing technical guidelines and standard operating procedures (SOPs) can be enhanced with a more comprehensive, practice-based approach.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and present an innovative methodology for forensic science image analysis specifically for event reconstruction.
• To provide a practical, bottom-up solution that addresses the complexities and decision-making processes inherent in forensic image analysis.
• To enrich the forensic community of practice by formalizing shared know-how and providing a foundation for detailed SOPs.

Main Methods:

• A grounded theory approach was employed, utilizing data from individual and collective interviews with 17 forensic image analysis experts (8 Swiss, 9 European).
• Data collection and interpretation involved a continuous, circular, and reflexive process, including detailed discussions of similarities and discrepancies in expert practices and viewpoints.
• Panel discussions were conducted to formalize shared knowledge and best practices in forensic image analysis.

Main Results:

• The study outlines the multifaceted nature of forensic image analysis and the intricate decision-making involved in event reconstruction.
• A novel methodology has been established, offering a structured framework for forensic image analysis that incorporates real-world case experiences.
• The research highlights the complexities of data collection, analysis, choices, actions, and interactions within the forensic workflow.

Conclusions:

• The developed methodology offers significant added value to forensic science by providing a practical framework for event reconstruction and enhancing existing technical guidelines.
• This research formalizes shared know-how among forensic image analysis experts, contributing to a more robust and reflexive community of practice.
• The study underscores the importance of understanding the nuanced decision-making processes and expert interactions in forensic image analysis for improved accuracy and reliability.