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Estrogen and progesterone decrease let-7f microRNA expression and increase IL-23/IL-23 receptor signaling and IL-17A

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Female sex hormones, 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4), increase Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) production in severe asthma. This may explain why women experience more severe asthma than men.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Women exhibit a higher prevalence of severe asthma compared to men.
  • Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is implicated in severe asthma pathogenesis.
  • IL-17A production is dependent on IL-23 receptor (IL-23R) signaling, which is negatively regulated by let-7f microRNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) enhance IL-17A production.
  • To investigate the role of sex hormones in regulating IL-17A and IL-23R expression in severe asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry was used to measure IL-17A production in TH17 cells from male and female patients with severe asthma.
  • Quantitative PCR assessed IL-23R and let-7f expression in TH17-differentiated cells from healthy men and women.
  • Hormone administration and adoptive transfer models in mice were employed to study IL-17A regulation and airway inflammation.

Main Results:

  • TH17 cells from women with severe asthma produced higher levels of IL-17A compared to men.
  • Increased IL-23R expression and decreased let-7f expression were observed in TH17 cells from women.
  • Administration of 17β-estradiol and progesterone (17β-E2+P4) to female mice increased IL-17A and IL-23R expression and decreased let-7f expression in TH17 cells.
  • Transfer of female-derived TH17 cells led to greater neutrophil infiltration in mouse lungs compared to male-derived TH17 cells.

Conclusions:

  • The combination of 17β-estradiol and progesterone (17β-E2+P4) enhances IL-17A production by TH17 cells.
  • This hormonal mechanism offers a potential explanation for the higher incidence of severe asthma in women.
  • Findings highlight the role of sex hormones in modulating immune responses relevant to severe asthma.