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Related Concept Videos

Rapidly Varying Flow01:24

Rapidly Varying Flow

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Rapidly varying flow (RVF) in open channels is characterized by abrupt changes in flow depth over a short distance, with the rate of depth change relative to distance often approaching unity. These flows are inherently complex due to their transient and multi-dimensional nature, making exact analysis difficult. However, approximate solutions using simplified models provide valuable insights into their behavior.Key Features of Rapidly Varying FlowRVF is commonly observed in scenarios involving...
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Gradually Varying Flow01:29

Gradually Varying Flow

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Gradually varying flow (GVF) in open channels describes situations where water depth changes slowly along the channel due to factors like non-uniform bed slope, channel shape variations, or obstructions. This flow type occurs when the depth adjusts gradually to balance gravitational forces, shear forces, and energy requirements, resulting in a low rate of depth change.Characteristics of Gradually Varying FlowGVF is commonly observed in natural streams, rivers, and canals, where flow depth...
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Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
During this process, the momentum of the fluid within the control volume remains constant over the time interval dt. By applying the...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving01:18

Uniform Depth Channel Flow: Problem Solving

667
To calculate the flow rate for a trapezoidal channel, first, identify the bottom width, side slope, and flow depth of the channel. The cross-sectional area (A) corresponding to the depth of flow (y), channel bottom width (B), and side slope (θ) is determined by:Next, calculate the wetted perimeter, which includes the bottom width and the sloped side lengths in contact with the water. Using the values of the cross-sectional area and the wetted perimeter, determine the hydraulic radius by...
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General External Flow Characteristics01:26

General External Flow Characteristics

622
The study of external flow is essential for creating structures and objects that interact efficiently and safely with moving fluids, such as air or water. When a body is immersed in a flowing fluid, it experiences two primary forces: drag, which opposes motion along the flow direction, and lift, which acts perpendicular to the flow. The shape, size, and orientation of the object influence these forces.Streamlined and Blunt Bodies in External FlowObjects in fluid flow are classified as...
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Uniform Depth Channel Flow01:27

Uniform Depth Channel Flow

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Uniform depth channel flow keeps fluid depth consistent along channels such as irrigation canals. In natural channels, such as rivers, approximate uniform flow is often assumed. This condition occurs when the channel’s bottom slope matches the energy slope, balancing potential energy lost from gravity with head loss due to shear stress. This balance prevents depth changes along the channel length, resulting in a steady, uniform flow.Uniform flow in open channels with a constant cross-section...
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Fabrication, Operation and Flow Visualization in Surface-acoustic-wave-driven Acoustic-counterflow Microfluidics
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Fluctuations in flows near jamming.

Erik Woldhuis1, Vijayakumar Chikkadi, Merlijn S van Deen

  • 1Instituut-Lorentz, Universiteit Leiden, Postbus 9506, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complex fluid dynamics reveal two distinct flow regimes. Particle motion and energy dissipation transition from a critical, jamming-related state to a plastic state at higher densities and slower flows.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Rheology
  • Complex Fluids

Background:

  • Complex media like foams and emulsions exhibit intricate particle dynamics.
  • The relative motion of constituents dictates energy dissipation rates in these systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics and spatio-temporal organization of local particle motion and energy dissipation.
  • To connect local particle dynamics to the global rheology of sheared disordered materials.

Main Methods:

  • Probing statistics and spatio-temporal organization of local particle motion.
  • Analyzing energy dissipation in a model for sheared disordered materials.
  • Examining higher-order moments of relative particle velocities.

Main Results:

  • Local dissipation fluctuations range from Gaussian at low densities/fast flows to intermittent at high densities/slow flows.
  • Two distinct flow regimes identified: a critical regime (jamming-related) and a plastic regime.
  • Novel multiscaling relations observed in the critical regime; different relations in the plastic regime.

Conclusions:

  • Flow behavior qualitatively differs between critical and plastic regimes, connected by a smooth crossover.
  • Higher moments diverge rapidly in the plastic regime as flow rate approaches zero.
  • Identified two distinct flow types: intermediate density critical regime and large density plastic regime.