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Complexins: small but capable.

Ralf Mohrmann1,2, Madhurima Dhara3, Dieter Bruns4

  • 1Zentrum für Human- und Molekularbiologie, University of Saarland, CIPMM, 66421, Homburg/Saar, Germany. ralf.mohrmann@uks.eu.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|August 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Understanding calcium-triggered exocytosis remains challenging. This review highlights recent advances in SNAREpin regulation and the roles of complexin and synaptotagmin in synchronized neurotransmitter release.

Keywords:
Ca2+ triggered exocytosisComplexinMembrane fusionSNARE regulatorsSynaptotagmin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Exocytosis, the process of neurotransmitter release, is critical for neuronal communication.
  • The precise molecular mechanisms triggering rapid exocytosis by calcium (Ca2+) in presynaptic terminals are not fully understood.
  • Studying the rapid docking and priming of secretory vesicles for millisecond fusion is experimentally difficult.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent progress and emerging views on the molecular mechanisms of Ca2+-triggered exocytosis.
  • To highlight the organization of SNAREpins into regulated units for synchronized release.
  • To focus on the controversial role of complexin and its relationship with synaptotagmin in governing SNARE-mediated exocytosis.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro analyses
  • In vivo analyses
  • Mechanistic review of existing literature

Main Results:

  • Recent advances have improved mechanistic understanding of Ca2+-triggered vesicle fusion.
  • SNAREpins are organized into functional, regulated units for synchronized release.
  • The roles of complexin and synaptotagmin in exocytosis are complex, potentially acting as allies or antagonists.

Conclusions:

  • The regulation of SNARE-mediated exocytosis by complexin and synaptotagmin is crucial for synchronized neurotransmitter release.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricate interplay between these proteins.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is key to comprehending fundamental neuronal processes.