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Metallic Solids

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....

Structures of Solids

Structures of Solids

Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

Lattice Centering and Coordination Number

The structure of a crystalline solid, whether a metal or not, is best described by considering its simplest repeating unit, which is referred to as its unit cell. The unit cell consists of lattice points that represent the locations of atoms or ions. The entire structure then consists of this unit cell repeating in three dimensions. The three different types of unit cells present in the cubic lattice are illustrated in Figure 1.
Types of Unit Cells
Imagine taking a large number of identical...

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...

Bonding in Metals

Bonding in Metals

Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”.

Determination of Crystal Structures

Determination of Crystal Structures

In the late 1800s, the revelation that light extended beyond visible wavelengths led to the discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Roentgen. Recognized as high-energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelengths, X-rays prompted exploration into their interaction with crystals. Max von Laue proposed in 1912 that the periodic arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules in crystals would cause them to diffract X-rays, a hypothesis confirmed through experiments with copper sulfate and zinc sulfide...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Inherent structure length in metallic glasses: simplicity behind complexity.

Yuan Wu¹, Hui Wang¹, Yongqiang Cheng²

¹State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.

Scientific Reports

|August 7, 2015

Summary

Researchers found a simple link between a material's characteristic structural length and its mechanical properties in metallic glasses (MGs). This discovery helps understand how disordered atomic structures influence MG mechanical behavior.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Condensed Matter Physics
Solid State Chemistry

Background:

The structure-property relationship is key in materials science, but poorly understood in amorphous alloys.
Mechanical behavior in crystalline metals is linked to defects like dislocations and twins.
Disordered atomic structures in metallic glasses (MGs) pose challenges for characterization and understanding their properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish a universal correlation between macroscopic mechanical properties and a structural characteristic in metallic glasses.
To elucidate the fundamental link between atomic-level disorder and bulk material behavior.
To provide a simplified model for predicting mechanical properties of MGs.

Main Methods:

Analysis of macroscopic mechanical properties (yield strength, shear modulus).
Identification and quantification of a characteristic structural length in MGs.
Correlation analysis between mechanical properties and the identified structural length.

Main Results:

A universal, simple correlation was found between macroscopic mechanical properties and a characteristic structural length in MGs.
This characteristic length effectively integrates inter-atomic distance and valence electron density effects.
The findings offer a new perspective on the structure-property relationship in disordered alloys.

Conclusions:

The study reveals a fundamental link between atomic-level structure and macroscopic mechanical properties in metallic glasses.
The identified characteristic structural length serves as a key descriptor for mechanical behavior.
This work advances the understanding of amorphous alloys and provides a basis for designing materials with tailored properties.