Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification Presented with Impulse Control Disorder

Area of Science:

• Neurology
• Genetics
• Psychiatry

Background:

• Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as Idiopathic Basal Ganglia Calcification (IBGC) or Fahr's disease, is a rare neurological disorder.
• Characterized by symmetric calcification in deep brain structures like the basal ganglia and cerebellum.
• Often associated with metabolic disturbances and neurological deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To report a rare case of PFBC presenting with impulse control disorder.
• To discuss the clinical features and diagnostic challenges of this unusual presentation.
• To review the literature on PFBC and its neuropsychiatric manifestations.

Main Methods:

• Case report of a 43-year-old male patient.
• Clinical evaluation including psychiatric assessment.
• Literature review on PFBC and impulse control disorder.

Main Results:

• The patient presented with aggressive behavior and was diagnosed with impulse control disorder and IBGC.
• This presentation is infrequent for IBGC, which typically manifests with cognitive, motor, or other psychiatric symptoms.
• The case underscores the diverse clinical spectrum of PFBC.

Conclusions:

• Impulse control disorder can be an atypical manifestation of Primary Familial Brain Calcification.
• Recognition of this association is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.
• Further research is needed to understand the neurobiological links between brain calcification and impulse control.