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Association between abdominal fat distribution, adipocytokines and metabolic alterations in obese low-birth-weight

C Domínguez Hernández1, M Klünder Klünder2, F Huang3

  • 1Endocrinology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Distrito Federal, Mexico.

Pediatric Obesity
|August 7, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) in obese children is linked to increased insulin resistance and higher abdominal fat. These children also show lower levels of high molecular weight adiponectin, a key metabolic regulator.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Health

Background:

  • Low birth weight (LBW) is an emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, alongside obesity.
  • Understanding the metabolic impact of LBW in childhood is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how birth weight influences abdominal fat distribution, adipocytokine levels, and metabolic markers in obese children.
  • To determine if LBW exacerbates metabolic dysfunction in the context of childhood obesity.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 92 obese children, categorized by birth weight.
  • Measurements included glucose, insulin, lipid profiles, adipocytokines, and abdominal fat distribution via MRI.
  • Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR).

Main Results:

  • Obese children with LBW exhibited significantly higher fasting and post-load glucose and insulin levels, indicating increased insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).
  • LBW was associated with lower concentrations of high molecular weight adiponectin (HMW-Adiponectin) and greater subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) compared to normal birth weight obese children.
  • These associations were independent of age and sex.

Conclusions:

  • Low birth weight in obese children is a significant factor associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance.
  • LBW contributes to unfavorable body composition, characterized by increased subcutaneous fat and reduced levels of beneficial adiponectin.
  • These findings highlight LBW as a critical determinant of metabolic health in obese children.
Abstract

Keywords:
abdominal adipose tissueadipocytokineschildhood obesityfetal programming

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