Clinical presentation and microorganisms sensitivity profile for diabetic foot ulcers: a pilot study

Area of Science:

• Infectious Diseases
• Diabetology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM).
• Infected DFU require prompt identification of causative microorganisms and their antibiotic sensitivities.
• Understanding ulcer characteristics and microbial profiles is essential for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine the anatomical site and Wagner's grade of infected diabetic foot ulcers.
• To culture microorganisms from DFU and assess their antibiotic sensitivity patterns.
• To inform appropriate antibiotic selection and reduce antimicrobial resistance.

Main Methods:

• A prospective study of 77 diabetic patients with DFU was conducted.
• Exclusion criteria included end-stage renal failure, prior vascular surgery, and specific therapies.
• Wound specimens were collected for microbial culture and sensitivity testing.

Main Results:

• Wagner's grade III and IV ulcers were most prevalent, frequently affecting the toes (48%).
• Gram-negative microorganisms predominated (71.1%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (27.7%).
• Gram-negative isolates showed sensitivity to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins, while Gram-positive isolates were sensitive to cloxacillin; MRSA responded to vancomycin.

Conclusions:

• Empirical antibiotic use for DFU should be limited to prevent drug-resistant strains and MRSA.
• Antiseptic solutions are recommended for ulcer cleaning pending antibiotic sensitivity results.
• Further studies will report on an altered treatment regimen's outcomes.