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Invasive Fungal Infections in Pediatric Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

Stéphane Ducassou1, Delphine Rivaud, Anne Auvrignon

  • 1From the *Unité d'Oncologie Hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital des Enfants, Groupe Hospitalier, Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France; †Service d'Onco-Hématologie Pédiatrique, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Paris Cedex, France; ‡Institut d'Hématologie Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU Lyon, Lyon Cedex, France; and §Unité d'Hémato-Oncologie Pédiatrique, CHU Hôpital Sud, Rennes Cedex, France.

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
|August 8, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a concern in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients. This study found IFIs occurred in a small percentage of AML patients, with no significant impact on overall survival.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients face significant risks from opportunistic infections.
  • Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are a serious complication in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy.
  • Understanding the epidemiology of IFIs in AML is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the incidence and types of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) in pediatric patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).
  • To determine the primary sites of IFIs and their impact on patient survival.
  • To analyze IFI data from the Enfant Leucemie Aigue 02 protocol cohort.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 387 patients enrolled in the Enfant Leucemie Aigue 02 protocol (2005-2011).
  • Identification and classification of IFIs, including aspergillosis, candidiasis, and mucormycosis.
  • Assessment of IFI localization, particularly pulmonary involvement.
  • Survival analysis comparing patients with and without IFIs.

Main Results:

  • Fifteen cases of aspergillosis, 9 of candidiasis, and 2 of mucormycosis were identified among 387 AML patients.
  • Pulmonary infections were the most common site for IFIs.
  • Over a median follow-up of 34 months, only 2 deaths were directly attributed to IFIs.
  • No significant difference in survival was observed between patients with and without IFIs.

Conclusions:

  • Invasive fungal infections occur in a minority of AML patients within this cohort.
  • Pulmonary localization is the most frequent presentation of IFIs in this population.
  • IFIs did not significantly impact overall survival in AML patients treated under the Enfant Leucemie Aigue 02 protocol.

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