[Retinopathy of prematurity: long-term results following trans-conjunctival cryocoagulation]

Between January 1977 and December 1984, 2173 premature infants with a birthweight of under 2500 g were examined. In accordance with the Patz and Payne classification, retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was diagnosed in 6.2% of the cases. In 1.5% ROP was at stage III; 26 children (47 eyes) in stage III who were showing further deterioration were treated by means of transconjunctival cryocoagulation, mostly with local anesthesia. We were able to examine 18 patients (32 treated eyes) during a follow-up period from 1985 to 1986. In 56%, it was possible to prevent the development of cicatricial stages altogether by cryopexy treatment; 31% developed cicatricial stage I and II with little impairment of vision. Four of 32 eyes (13%) showed extensive amotio retinae with retrolental membranes (cicatricial stage IV-V). As apposed to light and laser coagulation, cryopexy is less time consuming because there are fewer focal points. If local anesthesia is used, there is a further advantage, as general anesthesia involves other numerous risks, particularly for premature infants.