Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Measuring Engagement of Spectators of Social Digital Games
Published on: July 3, 2021
Interdependent Self-Construal, Self-Efficacy, and Community Involvement as Predictors of Perceived Knowledge Gain
Toby Hopp1, Valerie Barker2, Amy Schmitz Weiss2
11 Department of Advertising and Public Relations, University of Alabama , Tuscaloosa, Alabama.
Abstract:
This study explored the relationship between interdependent self-construal, video game self-efficacy, massively multiplayer online role-playing game (MMORPG) community involvement, and self-reported learning outcomes. The results suggested that self-efficacy and interdependent self-construal were positive and significant predictors of MMORPG community involvement. For its part, MMORPG community involvement was a positive predictor of self-reported learning in both focused and incidental forms. Supplementary analyses suggested that self-efficacy was a comparatively more robust predictor of MMORPG community involvement when compared to self-construal. Moreover, the present data suggest that community involvement significantly facilitated indirect relationships between self-construal, game-relevant self-efficacy, and both focused and incidental learning.
Related Concept Videos
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
The Sense of Self: Reflected Self-Appraisal and Social Comparison
Self-Efficacy
Role-Based Identity
Sources of Self-Esteem II: Performance Feedback
Self-Schemas

