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Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to...
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Directly measured mid-depth circulation in the northeastern North Atlantic Ocean.

Nature·2002
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Visualizing and Quantifying Oceanic Motion.

T Rossby1

  • 1Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, Rhode Island 02882;

Annual Review of Marine Science
|August 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This review highlights acoustically tracked neutrally buoyant floats and acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for ocean current measurement. These technologies visualize fluid motion, map water pathways, and detail current structures, aiding oceanographic studies.

Keywords:
acoustic Doppler current profilerflow visualizationmeasuring mass and property fluxesneutrally buoyant floatsship of opportunitytrajectories

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Acoustic Technology

Background:

  • Classical hydrography provides limited insight into dynamic ocean processes.
  • Understanding ocean currents is crucial for climate modeling and marine ecosystem studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review two complementary acoustic technologies for ocean current measurement.
  • To highlight their capabilities in visualizing and quantifying ocean fluid motion.

Main Methods:

  • Acoustically tracked neutrally buoyant floats for visualizing fluid motion in fronts and vortices.
  • Vessel-mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs) for high-resolution water column profiling.

Main Results:

  • Floats articulate mechanisms of water spreading and dispersion from mesoscale eddies.
  • ADCPs capture cross-stream structures of fronts, eddies, and bathymetric impacts on currents.
  • Sustained sampling generates databases for statistical analysis and transport estimation.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic technologies offer powerful, complementary approaches to traditional methods.
  • These methods enhance our understanding of ocean circulation, transport, and variability.