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Paradigm shifts in genomics through the FANTOM projects
Michiel de Hoon1, Jay W Shin2, Piero Carninci3
1Division of Genomic Technologies, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan. michiel.dehoon@riken.jp.
Summary
The FANTOM Consortium
Area of Science:
- Genomics
- Molecular Biology
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- Interdisciplinary collaboration drives scientific advancement.
- The FANTOM Consortium has generated extensive genomic data using novel technologies.
- This includes comprehensive mouse cDNA collections and high-resolution transcriptome maps.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze and interpret large-scale genomic data.
- To map human and mouse transcriptomes, including promoters and enhancers.
- To investigate the pervasive transcription of the mammalian genome.
Main Methods:
- Utilized novel technologies for genomic data production.
- Employed cap-analysis gene expression for single-nucleotide resolution profiling.
- Analyzed extensive mouse cDNA collections and transcriptome data.
Main Results:
- The mammalian genome is pervasively transcribed, including retrotransposon elements.
- Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constitute the majority of mammalian genome products.
- Over 98% of identified lncRNAs currently lack a defined biological function.
Conclusions:
- The FANTOM dataset reveals widespread transcription and the prevalence of lncRNAs.
- A significant knowledge gap exists regarding the functional roles of most lncRNAs.
- Large-scale functional studies are crucial for understanding lncRNA significance.
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