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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Urinary System01:20

Disorders of the Urinary System

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The urinary system is responsible for eliminating waste and excess fluids from the body. However, disorders of the urinary system can arise due to various reasons like infections, stress, age, congenital abnormalities, and lifestyle.
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common urinary system disorders. They are caused by bacteria that enter the urethra and can spread to the bladder resulting in cystitis. Pyelonephritis is the result of a UTI that has ascended to the level of the...
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The genitourinary system is critical to maintaining fluid balance, waste elimination, and reproductive function. Nurses play a vital role in assessing this system, beginning with a thorough health history. This process involves gathering patient information, identifying risk factors, and recognizing symptoms of genitourinary disorders. Early detection is vital for timely interventions and management.1. Gathering Patient InformationA complete health history includes the patient’s personal,...
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Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract01:28

Microbiota of the Urogenital Tract

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The human urogenital system, once thought to be sterile in healthy individuals, is now recognized as a complex microbial habitat. Advancements in molecular sequencing techniques have revealed that even in healthy adults, the kidneys and bladder harbor microbial populations similar to those found in the distal urethra, albeit in much lower abundance. These resident microorganisms, while generally innocuous, can become opportunistic pathogens under conditions that alter the urogenital...
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Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a medical process that removes waste products and excess fluid from the body using the peritoneal membrane as a natural filter.Peritoneal Dialysis MethodsSeveral methods can be used for peritoneal dialysis, including Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis, and Automated Peritoneal Dialysis, also known as Continuous Cyclic Peritoneal Dialysis.Acute Intermittent Peritoneal Dialysis (AIPD) is used for patients with uremic...
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Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology01:25

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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Transcorporal Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Placement in a Case Requiring Revision for Urethral Atrophy
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Risk factors for artificial urinary sphincter failure.

Alexander Kretschmer1, Alexander Buchner2, Markus Grabbert2

  • 1Department of Urology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany. Alexander.kretschmer@med.uni-muenchen.de.

World Journal of Urology
|August 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Perioperative anticoagulation and double-cuff placement increase artificial urinary sphincter failure risk. Using a 3.5 cm cuff reduces revision and incontinence rates, improving device survival.

Keywords:
Artificial urinary sphincterComplicationsEfficacyMale urinary stress incontinenceRisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Devices
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation is a treatment for male urinary incontinence.
  • Understanding factors influencing AUS failure is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze revision rates and identify risk factors associated with artificial urinary sphincter failure.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 84 patients undergoing AUS implantation.
  • Statistical analysis including Chi-squared test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and logistic regression.
  • Evaluation of risk factors such as perioperative anticoagulation, pelvic irradiation, surgical approach, cuff design, and cuff size.

Main Results:

  • Perioperative anticoagulation significantly increased urethral erosion and explantation rates.
  • Pelvic irradiation was linked to higher postoperative infection rates.
  • Double-cuff placement correlated with increased explantation, revision, and infection rates.
  • A 3.5 cm cuff size was associated with lower revision and incontinence rates.
  • Multivariate analysis identified perioperative anticoagulation and double-cuff placement as independent predictors of AUS failure.

Conclusions:

  • Perioperative anticoagulative therapy is a significant risk factor for AUS failure.
  • Double-cuff implantation should be approached with caution during primary procedures.
  • Optimizing cuff size and avoiding certain risk factors may improve AUS device survival.