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Related Concept Videos

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction01:30

Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction

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Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
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Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care01:29

Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care

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Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
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Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:20

Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
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Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management01:30

Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management

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Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
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Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Electrolytic Inferior Vena Cava Model EIM of Venous Thrombosis
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Inflammation in venous thromboembolism: Cause or consequence?

Amene Saghazadeh1, Sina Hafizi2, Nima Rezaei3

  • 1Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

International Immunopharmacology
|August 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Venous thromboembolism (VTE), including deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), involves the immune system. Future research should target immune mediators for better VTE treatment and prevention.

Keywords:
CytokinesDeep vein thrombosisInflammationPulmonary embolismVenous thromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research

Background:

  • Venous thromboembolism (VTE), encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), is a prevalent condition, particularly in the elderly, characterized by high recurrence and complication rates.
  • Emerging evidence indicates that VTE pathophysiology extends beyond the coagulation system, implicating significant involvement of the immune system in thrombus formation and resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing evidence on immune system dysregulation in VTE.
  • To explore the dual role of inflammation in VTE pathogenesis and outcomes.
  • To assess the limitations of current anticoagulation therapies in addressing inflammatory components of VTE.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating immune system alterations in VTE.
  • Analysis of research on cytokines, chemokines, and immune cell involvement in thrombosis.
  • Evaluation of current therapeutic strategies and their impact on inflammatory pathways.

Main Results:

  • The immune system, including cytokines, chemokines, and immune cells, plays a crucial role in VTE.
  • Inflammation acts as a double-edged sword, potentially causing and resulting from VTE.
  • Current anticoagulation therapies lack the specificity to target inflammatory pathways effectively.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting immune mediators offers a promising avenue for developing novel anti-thromboinflammatory strategies for VTE.
  • Future research should focus on selective pharmacological inhibition of immune pathways for improved VTE therapeutic and prophylactic interventions.
  • A paradigm shift towards anti-thromboinflammatory approaches is necessary for more effective VTE management.