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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Human Fear Conditioning Conducted in Full Immersion 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality

Human Fear Conditioning Conducted in Full Immersion 3-Dimensional Virtual Reality

Published on: August 9, 2010

E-virtual reality exposure therapy in acrophobia: A pilot study.

Fanny Levy¹, Pierre Leboucher², Gilles Rautureau²

¹Pitié Salpétrière Hospital, France fanny.levy@psl.aphp.fr.

Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare

|August 9, 2015

Summary

Remote virtual reality (e-virtual reality) therapy shows promise for treating acrophobia. This study found e-virtual reality exposure therapy to be well-accepted and effective, comparable to traditional therapy.

Keywords:

Virtual reality therapy acrophobia e-health e-mental health online therapy telemedicine

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Therapeutic Technologies

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) therapy is an established treatment for anxiety disorders.
Existing VR therapy involves in-vivo or in-imagino exposure.
Remote virtual reality (e-virtual reality) has not been previously explored for therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the feasibility and efficacy of e-virtual reality for treating acrophobia.
To compare remote VR sessions with traditional in-person VR sessions.

Main Methods:

Six individuals with acrophobia participated in six VR exposure therapy sessions.
The first three sessions were conducted remotely (e-virtual reality), and the last three were in-person.
Measures included anxiety (STAI, VAS, heart rate), presence, technical difficulties, and therapeutic alliance (WAI).

Main Results:

All participants completed the study; no dropouts or cancellations occurred.
Remote sessions were well-accepted with no reported reluctance or major technical issues.
Anxiety, presence, and therapeutic alliance measures were comparable between remote and in-person sessions.

Conclusions:

E-virtual reality is a viable method for treating acrophobic disorders.
Further controlled studies are needed to confirm online feasibility, therapeutic effects, and the mechanisms of online presence.