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In vitro activity of taurolidine gel on bacteria associated with periodontitis
Sigrun Eick1, Nicoletta Gloor2, Cecilia Püls2
1Department of Periodontology; Laboratory of Oral Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. sigrun.eick@zmk.unibe.ch.
Objectives:
The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of two different taurolidine gel formulations in comparison with minocycline microspheres.
Methods:
Three percent taurolidine gel (TLG3) and 2 % taurolidine gel (TLG2) were compared to minocycline microspheres (MINO) against single bacterial species and a 12-species-mixture. The antimicrobial activity was proven by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs), killing assays, after exposure of the antimicrobials as well as within a biofilm.
Results:
The MICs against the single species were between 0.5 and 2 mg/ml of taurolidine. MICs of the used mixed microbiota were 1.5 mg/ml (TLG3) and 4 mg/ml (TLG2). Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were completely killed by 10 % TLG3 and TLG2 (equivalent to 3 and 2 mg/ml taurolidine) after 6 h. The mixture of 12 species was not completely killed by any of the test substances. Taurolidine gels showed a post-antimicrobial activity, however being less than that of MINO. On biofilms, taurolidine gels reduced concentration dependently the colony forming unit (CFU) counts (multi-species biofilms by 3.63 log10 after 100 % (30 mg/ml) of TLG3), reductions were 2.12 log10 after MINO (1000 μg/ml minocycline).
Conclusions:
Taurolidine gel formulations exert antimicrobial activity against bacteria associated with periodontal disease. Nevertheless, a complete elimination of biofilms seems to be impossible and underlines the importance of mechanical removal of biofilms prior to application of the antimicrobial.
Clinical Relevance:
Taurolidine gels may represent a potential alternative for adjunctive topical antimicrobial treatment in periodontitis and infectious peri-implant diseases.
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