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Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Radioactive in situ Hybridization for Detecting Diverse Gene Expression Patterns in Tissue

Radioactive in situ Hybridization for Detecting Diverse Gene Expression Patterns in Tissue

Published on: April 27, 2012

Starting a Radioactive Seed Localization Program.

James Jakub¹, Richard Gray

¹Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA, jakub.james@mayo.edu.

Annals of Surgical Oncology

|August 9, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Radioactive seed localization (RSL) offers a safe and effective alternative to wire localization for nonpalpable breast lesions. This method provides flexibility in scheduling and surgical planning, overcoming key limitations of older techniques.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Surgical Oncology
Radiology

Background:

Wire localization for nonpalpable breast lesions presents challenges, including same-day scheduling and orientation difficulties.
These limitations drive the search for improved surgical localization techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To present recommendations for establishing a Radioactive Seed Localization (RSL) program.
To highlight RSL as a safe and effective alternative to wire localization.

Main Methods:

Radioactive Seed Localization (RSL) utilizes a radioactive seed for precise lesion targeting.
RSL allows for flexible scheduling, separating localization from surgery.
Surgical planning is unconstrained by the localization entry point, with real-time lesion feedback.

Main Results:

Radioactive Seed Localization (RSL) is a safe and effective alternative to wire localization.
RSL offers advantages in scheduling flexibility and surgical planning.
RSL provides continuous intraoperative guidance to the lesion.

Conclusions:

Radioactive Seed Localization (RSL) is an intuitive technique with significant benefits over wire localization.
Implementing an RSL program requires a multidisciplinary approach and presents unique challenges.
Recommendations are provided to facilitate the initiation of RSL programs.