A mathematical model for the evaluation of the behaviour during flexion of condylar-type knee prostheses

A 3D knee model was developed in order to evaluate the mechanical behaviour during flexion of condylar-type knee prosthesis. Based on the total energy minimization principle, it takes into account the articular surfaces (the tibial surface being deformable), the body weight, and the patello femoral joint. It generates the kinematics of the joint, the motion of the centre of contact, the quadriceps forces, the pressure distribution on the tibial plateau, and ligament lengths and forces between 0 and 120 degrees of flexion. The results for ten digitized knees and the commercially available prostheses are presented. They are in general agreement with experimental results published in the literature. It is concluded that this computer program may be, within its limitations, a useful tool in the preliminary evaluation of new condylar-type knee prosthesis designs.