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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Clinical Examination Protocol to Detect Atypical and Classical Scrapie in Sheep

Published on: January 19, 2014

Paratuberculosis in sheep and goats.

¹Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW, 2570, Australia.

Veterinary Microbiology

|August 11, 2015

Summary

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) significantly impacts small ruminants globally. Effective control requires improved diagnostics, biosecurity, and vaccination strategies for both sheep and goats.

Area of Science:

Veterinary Medicine
Animal Science
Epidemiology

Background:

Paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) is a chronic, serious disease affecting global small ruminant industries, causing significant economic losses.
Impacts include mortalities, reduced productivity, trade interference, and socio-economic disruption, particularly in Australia.
The disease affects both sheep and goats, with less research and recognition for goats compared to sheep.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the pathogenesis, diagnosis, impacts, and management of paratuberculosis in ovine and caprine species.
To compare control strategies in Australian extensive sheep systems and Greek semi-intensive dairy systems.
To highlight research priorities for improved control, including diagnostics for subclinical cases and enhanced vaccination strategies.

Keywords:

Disease control programs Goat Health Paratuberculosis Sheep Small ruminants Vaccination

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Published on: May 12, 2023

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on paratuberculosis in small ruminants.
Comparative analysis of disease management systems in Australia (sheep) and Greece (goats/dairy).
Discussion of immune profiles, diagnostic advancements, and vaccination efficacy.

Main Results:

Paratuberculosis control strategies differ between extensive sheep and semi-intensive dairy systems.
Vaccination is increasingly recognized as a robust management strategy, contributing to animal health and reducing food chain risks.
Key research needs include early detection of latent/subclinical infections and improved diagnostic assays for goats.

Conclusions:

Future paratuberculosis control strategies require better understanding of immune responses, prolonged vaccination, and robust biosecurity.
Enhanced diagnostic tests for early and subclinical infections are crucial for flock/herd health and food safety.
Effective disease management necessitates strong leadership, communication, and trust-building within rural communities, alongside advancements in vaccination and biosecurity.