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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Exploring Placentophagy in Humans: Problems and Recommendations.

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    Human placentophagy, or afterbirth ingestion, is increasingly popular but lacks scientific evidence. This review examines existing research on placentophagy

    Keywords:
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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Health
    • Human and Animal Physiology
    • Postpartum Recovery

    Background:

    • Placentophagy (human afterbirth ingestion) is a growing trend, particularly among Western women.
    • It is promoted for postpartum mood stabilization, enhanced recovery, and increased milk production.
    • Despite its popularity, scientific research on human placentophagy is virtually nonexistent.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review existing animal and human research on placentophagy.
    • To explore the theoretical assumptions and potential effects of placentophagy.
    • To identify and clarify methodological challenges in placentophagy research.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature review of studies on placentophagy in animals and humans.
    • Analysis of theoretical frameworks supporting placentophagy claims.
    • Examination of research on placental nutritional and hormonal components.

    Main Results:

    • Limited empirical data exists regarding the effects of human placentophagy.
    • Methodological issues currently hinder robust scientific investigation.
    • Research on placental components suggests potential, yet unproven, impacts on milk production and postpartum depression.

    Conclusions:

    • There is a critical need for rigorous scientific studies on human placentophagy.
    • Addressing methodological challenges is essential before evaluating its purported benefits.
    • Further research is recommended to understand the true effects of placentophagy.