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Modeling Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus of Prematurity in Rats
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Hydrocephalus in children.

Kristopher T Kahle1, Abhaya V Kulkarni2, David D Limbrick3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

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|August 11, 2015
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Hydrocephalus, a disorder of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) affecting brain ventricles, is increasingly understood beyond simple blockage. Evolving models incorporate brain pulsations and water transport for better treatment strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Hydrocephalus is a common disorder characterized by abnormal expansion of cerebral ventricles due to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology disruption.
  • Infants typically present with macrocephaly, while older children exhibit signs of intracranial hypertension.
  • Current understanding is shifting from solely obstructive models to incorporating cerebral pulsations, brain compliance, and water transport mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the evolving understanding of hydrocephalus pathophysiology.
  • To discuss the diverse causes of hydrocephalus, including congenital and acquired forms.
  • To highlight current and future treatment considerations and their impact on long-term outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on hydrocephalus pathophysiology and treatment.
  • Analysis of evolving models incorporating cerebral pulsations, brain compliance, and water transport.
  • Discussion of genetic links in congenital hydrocephalus and pathological processes in acquired forms.

Main Results:

  • Hydrocephalus understanding is expanding beyond obstruction to include dynamic physiological factors.
  • Congenital hydrocephalus is associated with genes regulating brain development; acquired forms stem from various pathological processes.
  • Treatment involves individualized shunt or endoscopic approaches, with outcomes varying.

Conclusions:

  • Advances in understanding hydrocephalus pathophysiology, including cerebral pulsations and water transport, are crucial.
  • Personalized treatment strategies are essential for managing hydrocephalus in children.
  • Continued progress in imaging, technology, and pathophysiology research promises improved treatments and outcomes.