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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.
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In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
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Organometallic compounds are compounds that contain a carbon–metal bond. Carbon belongs to an organyl group like alkyl, aryl, allyl, or benzyl groups. The metal can be from Group I or Group II of the periodic table, a transition metal, or a semimetal.
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Structural classification of metal complexes with three-coordinate centres.

Timothy L Davis1, Joshua L Watts, Kenneth J Brown

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110-0003, USA. brownkj@wssu.edu.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|August 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Describing three-coordinate silver(I) complexes is challenging due to varied angles and lack of classification. This study introduces a new system and spreadsheet tool to classify these geometries, aiding future structural descriptions.

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystallography
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Describing the geometry of three-coordinate silver(I) complexes is difficult due to wide variations in interatomic angles.
  • Existing literature lacks an adequate classification system for these geometries.
  • Idealized geometries like trigonal planar, T-shaped, and trigonal pyramidal are rarely observed in practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive classification system for all three-coordinate geometries.
  • To create a practical tool for describing complex structures.
  • To illustrate the utility of the classification system with silver(I) complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the Cambridge Structural Database for three-coordinate metal complexes.
  • Development of a novel classification system for three-coordinate geometries.
  • Construction of a spreadsheet tool utilizing a "shape-space" approach.

Main Results:

  • Observed geometries of three-coordinate metal complexes deviate significantly from idealized models.
  • A new classification system has been developed to encompass all possible three-coordinate structures.
  • A functional spreadsheet tool aids in the structural description of tri-coordinate centers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed classification system effectively addresses the challenge of describing diverse three-coordinate geometries.
  • The spreadsheet tool provides a practical method for analyzing and classifying complex structures.
  • The system's utility is demonstrated through the analysis of novel silver(I) complexes.