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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
Crohn's disease is a chronic, systemic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that predominantly affects the gastrointestinal tract. It is marked by...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Biologic Agents: Anti-TNF01:24

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Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), a proinflammatory cytokine, contributes significantly to the inflammation seen in Crohn's disease. It exists as soluble TNF and membrane-bound TNF, with actions mediated through TNF receptors (TNFR). TNFR activation leads to the release of proinflammatory cytokines, T-cell activation, collagen production, and leukocyte migration, all contributing to inflammation in Crohn's disease. Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies, namely infliximab (Remicade), adalimumab...
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Understanding inflammatory bowel disease via immunogenetics.

Katrina M de Lange1, Jeffrey C Barrett2

  • 1Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1HH, United Kingdom.

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Summary

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, involve complex genetics. Research is uncovering genetic links to immune responses and disease mechanisms, paving the way for new therapies.

Keywords:
GeneticsGenome wide association studyInflammatory bowel diseaseMicrobial sensingTherapeutic targets

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Gastroenterology
  • Complex Human Diseases

Background:

  • Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are chronic gastrointestinal disorders.
  • A significant genetic component underlies IBD pathogenesis, involving immune dysregulation.
  • Recent decades have seen substantial progress in identifying genetic factors contributing to IBD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the immunogenetics of inflammatory bowel disease.
  • To explore the biological mechanisms implicated by genetic findings.
  • To discuss future directions and clinical implications of IBD immunogenetic research.

Main Methods:

  • Review of twin studies and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Analysis of genetic loci associated with IBD.
  • Comparative analysis with other immune-related disorders.

Main Results:

  • Hundreds of genetic loci associated with IBD have been identified through GWAS.
  • Genetic findings provide insights into mechanisms like autophagy, barrier defense, and T-cell signaling.
  • Links between IBD genetics and other conditions, including pediatric colitis and leprosy, have been observed.

Conclusions:

  • The genetic architecture of IBD is complex and continually evolving.
  • Future research using next-generation sequencing may identify rarer risk alleles.
  • Understanding IBD immunogenetics holds potential for novel therapeutic strategies and understanding environmental risk factors like the human microbiota.