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Multiple conversion between the genes encoding bacterial class-I release factors.

Sohta A Ishikawa1,2, Ryoma Kamikawa3,4, Yuji Inagaki1,2

  • 1Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.

Scientific Reports
|August 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bacterial protein synthesis relies on release factors (RF1 and RF2). Gene conversion between RF1 and RF2, particularly in domain 3, challenges the idea of independent evolution, suggesting frequent genetic exchange.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bacteria utilize two class-I release factors, RF1 and RF2, essential for recognizing stop codons and terminating protein synthesis.
  • These factors are hypothesized to have evolved from a common ancestral gene via duplication and subsequent specialization of stop codon recognition.
  • The established model predicts independent evolutionary paths for RF1 and RF2 following this ancestral duplication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolutionary trajectories of bacterial class-I release factors (RF1 and RF2).
  • To examine instances of gene conversion between RF1 and RF2 and their implications for evolutionary models.
  • To identify the specific regions involved in gene conversion and their functional significance.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis using the maximum-likelihood method was employed to scrutinize instances of RF1-RF2 gene conversion.
  • Detailed examination of gene sequences to pinpoint the regions involved in the observed gene conversion events.
  • Comparative analysis of the functional domains of RF1 and RF2 paralogues.

Main Results:

  • Two independent cases of RF1-RF2 gene conversion were identified, challenging the notion of strictly independent evolutionary trajectories.
  • Gene conversion occurred primarily in the region encoding domain 3, a functionally conserved region between RF paralogues.
  • The direction of gene conversion was observed to be bidirectional, occurring from RF2 to RF1 in one case and RF1 to RF2 in another.

Conclusions:

  • Domain 3 of class-I release factors is interchangeable between RF1 and RF2 paralogues.
  • RF1-RF2 gene conversion appears to be a recurrent event in bacterial genome evolution, suggesting a more dynamic evolutionary process than previously assumed.
  • These findings necessitate a revision of evolutionary models for bacterial class-I release factors.