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Multiple paternity and hybridization in two smooth-hound sharks.

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Multiple paternity is common in Mustelus sharks, with nearly half of litters having multiple fathers. This study analyzed paternity in Mustelus mustelus and Mustelus punctulatus, revealing high frequencies of polyandry and even hybridization.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Genetics
  • Reproductive Ecology

Background:

  • Multiple paternity is frequently observed in elasmobranch mating systems.
  • Female elasmobranchs may engage in multiple mating to reduce male harassment.
  • Understanding mating systems in sharks is crucial for conservation and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency of multiple paternity in two related viviparous shark species, Mustelus mustelus and Mustelus punctulatus.
  • To utilize molecular markers for accurate paternity assignment and species identification.
  • To explore potential correlations between mating strategies and reproductive biology.

Main Methods:

  • Species identification using molecular markers for 792 adult sharks, pregnant females, and embryos.
  • Paternity analysis employing 9 polymorphic microsatellites.
  • Analysis of 19 females and 204 embryos of M. mustelus, and 13 females and 303 embryos of M. punctulatus.

Main Results:

  • Multiple paternity was confirmed in both species, with 47% of M. mustelus and 54% of M. punctulatus litters sired by multiple males.
  • Female fecundity was not significantly affected by multiple mating.
  • Paternity skew was observed in 56% of polyandrous litters, indicating male mating advantage.
  • Genetic analysis detected hybridization between M. mustelus and M. punctulatus.

Conclusions:

  • The high frequency of polyandrous litters in these shark species aligns with their reproductive biology, including synchronous ovulation and potential breeding aggregations.
  • Multiple paternity does not appear to negatively impact female fecundity in these species.
  • The discovery of hybridization highlights the complex reproductive interactions within these shark populations.