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Breakthrough CO₂ adsorption in bio-based activated carbons.

Sepideh Shahkarami1, Ramin Azargohar1, Ajay K Dalai1

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|August 11, 2015
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Potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated carbon derived from wood biochar exhibits superior carbon dioxide (CO2) adsorption. This material demonstrates high capacity and stability over 50 cycles, making it promising for CO2 capture.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Activated carbon is a key material for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture.
  • Biochar derived from biomass offers a sustainable precursor for activated carbon.
  • Activation methods significantly influence the properties and performance of activated carbon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of steam, CO2, and Potassium hydroxide (KOH) activation on activated carbon's CO2 adsorption.
  • To correlate surface area, porosity, and surface chemistry with CO2 adsorption capacity.
  • To evaluate the long-term stability and regenerability of the activated carbons.

Main Methods:

  • Activated carbon was prepared from wood biochar using steam, CO2, and KOH activation.
  • CO2 adsorption was studied in a fixed-bed reactor under varying temperatures (25-65°C) and CO2 concentrations (10-30 mol%).
  • Material characterization included N2 and CO2 adsorption for pore structure analysis; Central Composite Design optimized experimental conditions.

Main Results:

  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH) activated carbon achieved the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (1.8 mol/kg) at 30 mol% CO2 and 25°C.
  • This superior performance was attributed to its high surface area (1400 m²/g) and micropore volume (0.62 cm³/g).
  • KOH and CO2 activated carbons showed stable adsorption capacity over 50 cycles with regeneration at 160°C.

Conclusions:

  • KOH activation is highly effective in producing high-performance activated carbon for CO2 capture from biochar.
  • The optimized activated carbon exhibits excellent capacity and durability for cyclic adsorption processes.
  • This study highlights a sustainable and efficient pathway for CO2 mitigation using biomass-derived materials.