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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Design and Implementation of an fMRI Study Examining Thought Suppression in Young Women with, and At-risk, for Depression
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The hippocampus and executive functions in depression.

Shahbaz Ali Khan1, Vssr Ryali2, Pookala Shivaram Bhat3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantonment, Delhi, India.

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Depression is linked to smaller hippocampus volume and impaired executive functions, even in first episodes. This suggests depression may negatively impact the hippocampus, potentially indirectly affecting cognitive abilities.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The intricate relationship between depression, the hippocampus (HC), and executive dysfunctions is a significant area of research.
  • Emerging evidence suggests the hippocampus may play a role in the executive dysfunction observed in depression.
  • This study addresses a gap by investigating these relationships within the Indian population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in hippocampal volume and executive functions among individuals with depression.
  • To compare these parameters between depressed patients and healthy controls.
  • To explore differences based on episode frequency and depression severity.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional analytical study involving 50 patients with depression and 50 healthy controls.
  • Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure hippocampal volume.
  • The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) assessed executive dysfunction.

Main Results:

  • Depressed individuals exhibited smaller left hippocampal volumes and poorer executive function performance.
  • Reduced hippocampal volume was observed even in first-episode depression cases.
  • A history of recurrent depressive illness correlated with even smaller hippocampal volumes, though no direct correlation was found between hippocampal volume and cognitive dysfunction.

Conclusions:

  • Depressive illness appears to exert a detrimental effect on the hippocampus.
  • The link between hippocampal volume and executive dysfunction in depression may be indirect, mediated by functional connections.