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Updated: Apr 5, 2026

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

A Novel Method: Super-selective Adrenal Venous Sampling

Published on: September 15, 2017

Developing treatment for adrenocortical carcinoma.

T M A Kerkhofs¹, M H T Ettaieb², I G C Hermsen²

¹Department of Internal MedicineMaxima Medical Center, Ds. Th. Fliednerstraat 1, 5631 BM Eindhoven/Veldhoven, The NetherlandsDivision of General Internal MedicineDepartment of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The NetherlandsDepartment of Health Services Research and CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary CareMaastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands t.kerkhofs@mmc.nl.

Endocrine-Related Cancer

|August 12, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare cancer with limited treatments. Improving diagnosis, staging, and therapies like mitotane, alongside international research, is crucial for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:

adrenal cortex adrenal hormone carcinoma

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Rare Diseases

Background:

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine malignancy with limited therapeutic options.
Patients often present with hormonal overproduction or large abdominal masses.
Current diagnostic methods include hormonal assays and medical imaging, with urinary steroid profiling showing promise for malignancy assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current understanding and management of adrenocortical carcinoma.
To highlight the need for refining staging systems and adjuvant treatment selection.
To discuss current and future therapeutic strategies, including medical therapy and research avenues.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on adrenocortical carcinoma diagnosis, staging, and treatment.
Discussion of prognostic factors, including disease stage and Ki-67 proliferation index.
Analysis of current medical therapies (mitotane, chemotherapy) and emerging research (genomic profiling, targeted therapy, immunotherapy).

Main Results:

Disease stage at diagnosis is the primary prognostic factor, necessitating staging system refinement.
Mitotane is a central therapy but has toxicity and management challenges; therapeutic drug monitoring may improve outcomes.
Chemotherapy offers stabilization in ~50% of patients, with objective responses <25%; targeted and immunotherapy research is ongoing.

Conclusions:

Enhanced diagnostic accuracy, refined staging, and optimized medical therapies are essential for adrenocortical carcinoma management.
Ki-67 assessment and future genomic profiling may aid in treatment selection.
Multidisciplinary care in experienced centers and international research collaboration are vital for advancing patient care and understanding ACC pathogenesis.