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Related Concept Videos

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 5, 2026

Generation of Integration-free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Using Episomal Vectors
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An EBV-based plasmid can replicate and maintain in stem cells.

Seyed Mohammad Ali Hosseini Rad1,2, Taravat Bamdad1, Ehsan Arefian2,3

  • 1Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-331, Iran.

Biotechnology Progress
|August 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Non-integrating viral vectors, like EBV-based plasmids, replicate with host cells without altering the genome. These vectors offer sustained gene expression in various stem cells, crucial for gene therapy and developmental studies.

Keywords:
EBNA-1EBV-based plasmidoriPstem cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Therapy
  • Stem Cell Research

Background:

  • Viral vectors are key tools in gene therapy, classified as integrating or non-integrating based on genome interaction.
  • Integrating vectors (e.g., lentivectors) offer prolonged gene expression but risk host genome alteration.
  • Non-integrating vectors, such as episomal plasmids, avoid genomic disruption and persist long-term.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the replication dynamics of non-integrating EBV-based plasmids in stem cells.
  • To assess the long-term maintenance and replication of these plasmids in dividing pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.
  • To evaluate EBV-based plasmids as a safer alternative to integrating vectors for gene induction in stem cell research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based plasmid system.
  • Introduced the plasmid into human and mouse pluripotent and multipotent stem cells.
  • Monitored plasmid replication and persistence throughout multiple cell cycles and extended culture periods.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated simultaneous replication of the EBV-based plasmid with the host cell cycle.
  • Confirmed long-term maintenance of the non-integrating plasmid in dividing stem cells.
  • Showcased the plasmid's stability and sustained presence in both human and mouse stem cell populations.

Conclusions:

  • EBV-based plasmids serve as effective non-integrating vectors for sustained gene expression in stem cells.
  • These vectors replicate concurrently with host cells, ensuring stable inheritance without genomic integration.
  • The findings support the use of EBV-based plasmids for gene therapy and stem cell research, offering a safer alternative to integrating vectors.