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Related Experiment Video

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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects
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Informativity renders a referent more accessible: Evidence from eyetracking.

Hossein Karimi1,2, Fernanda Ferreira3

  • 1University of California, Davis, CA, USA. karimi@ucdavis.edu.

Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
|August 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Information quantity in noun phrases (NPs) aids pronoun resolution. Richer information leads to clearer pronoun interpretation, especially when the referent is the verb

Keywords:
InformativityNP lengthNP positionPronoun resolutionTime course

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Science
  • Computational Linguistics

Background:

  • Information quantity attached to noun phrases (NPs) enhances accessibility and pronominal reference in language production.
  • The impact of information quantity on ambiguous pronoun comprehension and its temporal dynamics remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how additional information on NP referents affects the resolution of subsequent ambiguous pronouns.
  • To examine the time course of informativity effects during pronoun resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Two eyetracking experiments were conducted to monitor participants' visual attention during pronoun resolution.
  • An offline pronoun resolution task was used in the second experiment to confirm online findings.

Main Results:

  • An informativity effect was observed: participants looked more at informationally richer referents.
  • This effect emerged later when the referent was the object of the verb.
  • Offline tasks confirmed that ambiguous pronouns are interpreted as referring to the informationally richer NP.

Conclusions:

  • Explicit information increases the accessibility of associated concepts in language processing.
  • Findings support theories emphasizing explicit information over 'givenness' for concept accessibility.