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Anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 therapy for bladder cancer: what is on the horizon?

Srinath Sundararajan1, Nicholas J Vogelzang2

  • 1University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.

Future Oncology (London, England)
|August 12, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Advanced urothelial cancer treatment lags behind other oncologic advances. Emerging immunotherapy, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, shows promise for treating bladder cancer, offering new hope.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Urothelial Carcinogenesis
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Despite advances in oncology, advanced urothelial cancer treatment remains stagnant over the past 20 years.
  • Genetic alterations in bladder cancer, including PI3K/AKT3/mTOR and FGFR pathways, are understood but lack effective targeted therapies.
  • Current targeted therapies for urothelial cancer are investigational and have not demonstrated significant clinical benefit.

Discussion:

  • Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment in melanoma, lung cancer, and lymphoma.
  • Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) immunotherapy is established for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are emerging as a promising therapeutic strategy for advanced bladder cancer.

Key Insights:

  • The PI3K/AKT3/mTOR and FGFR pathways are implicated in urothelial bladder cancer.
  • Targeted therapies for these pathways are still under investigation.
  • Successful manipulation of systemic immune response in other cancers suggests immunotherapy potential for bladder cancer.

Outlook:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors are poised to become a cornerstone in advanced bladder cancer treatment.
  • Further research into targeted therapies may yield future treatment options.
  • The evolution of oncologic therapeutics offers hope for improved outcomes in urothelial cancer.
Keywords:
PD-1PD-L1bladder cancerimmunotherapy

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