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Hyperthyroid graves disease--a 5 year retrospective study.

T T Tan, M L Ng, L L Wu

    The Medical Journal of Malaysia
    |September 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
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    This study analyzed 180 hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients in Malaysia. Most patients achieved eumetabolism with antithyroid drugs, with fewer requiring surgery or radioiodine therapy.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Immunology
    • Clinical Medicine

    Background:

    • Graves' disease is a common cause of hyperthyroidism.
    • Understanding its clinical, biochemical, and immunological features is crucial for effective management.
    • Regional variations in prevalence and specific patient demographics require investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To examine the clinical, biochemical, and immunological characteristics of hyperthyroid Graves' disease patients.
    • To determine the prevalence across different ethnic groups in Malaysia.
    • To evaluate treatment outcomes and identify factors influencing management strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective analysis of 180 patients managed at UKM Endocrine Clinic (1983-1987).
    • Assessment of clinical presentation, biochemical markers, and immunological profiles (antibodies).

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  • Review of treatment modalities including antithyroid drugs, subtotal thyroidectomy, and radioiodine therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Highest prevalence observed in Chinese, lowest in Indian populations; female to male ratio was 2.8:1.
    • Associated conditions included hypokalaemic periodic paralysis (5.0%) and hypercalcaemia (1.7%); pretibial myxoedema was rare.
    • Thyrotropin-binding inhibitory immunoglobulins, anti-thyroglobulin, and anti-microsome antibodies were positive in 61.5%, 25.8%, and 42.3% of patients, respectively.

    Conclusions:

    • Antithyroid drugs alone were sufficient for achieving a eumetabolic state in most patients.
    • Definitive therapy (surgery or radioiodine) was necessary for a subset of patients (31.3%).
    • The study highlights demographic and immunological patterns of Graves' disease in a Malaysian cohort.